1/5/2023 0 Comments Three thin film solarcell![]() Also deposition of a thin layer of low band-gap Sb 2Te 3 or copper alloy at surface “A” shown in Figure 1.68 helps to form an Ohmic contact on CdTe. Often an etch of phosphoric acid (H 3PO 4) and HNO 3 or bromide-methanol is used to remove CdCl 2 salt resulting from the activation step. Next, an activation heat treatment is required in the presence of CdCl 2 vapor at about 400☌ irrespective of the deposition method. Both CdS and CdTe can be deposited using CSS between 550☌ and 600☌. A 3–10 µm thick absorber CdTe layer is typically deposited by CSS, but sputtering, electrodeposition and spray pyrolysis can also be used. In the next step, the CdS buffer layer is deposited either by closed space sublimation (CSS) or chemical bath deposition (CBD). For superstrate construction, where the absorption layer is directly deposited on the front contact layer, commercially available FTO coated glass substrate is used for solar cell manufacturing.Īs shown in Figure 1.71, after substrate inspection a TCO layer is sputter deposited on the glass substrate. ![]() For CdTe and a-Si cells, with absorption edge below 900 nm, fluorine-doped tin oxide, FTO (SnO 2:F), or indium-tin-oxide (ITO), is a suitable choice. The choice of a TCO also depends on the absorption edge of the thin film cell. These requirements are fulfilled by transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). Haze describes the ability of a layer to trap light. Adequate conductivity, transparency to light and haze are some of the important property requirements for front contact layers. For CdTe solar cells, typically borosilicate glass substrate for high temperature (up to 600☌) processing and soda-lime glass substrate for low temperature (60–500☌) processing are used.Īs shown in Figure 1.68, all three types of thin film solar cells require front and back contacts that are usually sputter deposited. If Na-free substrate is used, an Na precursor such as Na 2Se, Na 2S or NaF is incorporated on the substrate surface during device fabrication. Sodium (Na) containing soda-lime glass substrate is used in CIGS solar cell, because it improves cell efficiency. For thin film solar cell that requires high temperature processing of thin films, suitable glass or ceramic substrate is used. Substrate (glass, metal, polymer) of a solar cell is a passive component, but it may play an important role in determining the efficiency of the cell. The most common device junctions in thin film solar cells are CdTe, CIGS and a-Si based.įigure 1.68(a–c) show typical constructions of CdTe, CIGS and a-Si thin film solar cells. Although the solar cells appear to be a simple junction device in which two electronically dissimilar materials are separated by an electronic barrier to separate charges, process parameters for thin film deposition greatly affect the device performance. Thin film solar cells are promising because of the scope of device design in terms of junction formation, substrate types, substrate size and tailored performance. ![]() Jaydeep Sarkar, in Sputtering Materials for VLSI and Thin Film Devices, 2014 1.7.2 Thin film solar cells Key deposition and growth techniques and challenges are also reported in this chapter. An attempt has been made to report on the developments into thin film materials and the efficiencies achieved. However, the main challenges for thin film technologies, including perovskite solar cells, are their stability and toxicity involved in the manufacturing process. The efficiency increase in perovskite solar cells has significantly increased the potential thin film PVs, to become a low cost alternative for commercially available solar cell technologies. ![]() The increase in the efficiency of thin film solar cells and perovskite into 23% mark has created significant attention in the photovoltaic market, particularly in the integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) field. ![]() Thin film solar cell technology has recently seen some radical advancement as a result of new materials and innovations in device structures. Hari Upadhyaya, in A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems, 2018 Abstract ![]()
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1/5/2023 0 Comments Rendement locatif brut![]() Grce au simulateur vous dcouvrirez en fonction de vos critres: quel prix d'achat Quel revenu locatif Ou encore que taux de rendement. ![]() En réalité le rendement brut est une comparaison globale de la potentielle rentabilité du bien vis-à-vis d’autres placements. Pour vous donner un ordre ide sur un bon taux de rentabilit locative, le rendement brut moyen en France est estim. Calculez facilement la rentabilit d'un bien immobilier. Attention toutefois, cette rentabilité de 6.69 est basée sur seulement 1 vendues en 2018. Un rendement de 6.69 peut être un bon investissement locatif correct. Limmeuble locatif dune surface de 1165.07 m2 dont 440.85 m2 de surface. Vincent & Grenadines Trinidad & Tobago Turks & Caicos Islands U.S. Le calcul se fait avec l’intégration de toutes les charges payées, ( frais de notaire, travaux de réaménagement ou de restauration avant la location ), au prix de vente du bien. Le meilleur rendement locatif pour JUVIGNAC semble être une maison 2 pièces avec un rendement locatif brut potentiel de 6.69. IMMEUBLE MODERNE Rendement de 4.8 brut, trs peu de frais de gestion. Comme dit précédemment, pour calculer la rentabilité locative d’un bien immobilier que l’on souhaiterait acquérir, il faut prendre certains chiffres et effectuer certaines opérations très simples. Americas Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Brazil British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia Costa Rica Curaçao Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guadeloupe Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Martinique Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Sint Maarten St. ![]() 1/5/2023 0 Comments 200 grams to cups![]() ![]() To convert 1 gram of salt to tablespoons, divide your figure by 17.8. To convert 1 gram of butter to tablespoons, divide your figure by 14.2. #DeltaT# - the change in temperature, defined as final temperature minus initial temperature To convert 1 gram of granulated sugar to tablespoons, divide your figure by 12.5. See this conversion table below for precise 200 g to cups conversion. You need to know what you are converting in order to get the exact cups value for 200 grams. Thus, the weight in cups is equal to the grams divided by 236.588236 times the density of the ingredient or material. Please note that grams and cups are not interchangeable units. To convert a gram measurement to a cup measurement, divide the weight by 236.588236 times the density of the ingredient or material. #color(blue)(q = m * c * DeltaT)" "#, where How many cups are 200 grams 200 grams 7/8 cup water. Likewise, if you were to increase the temperature of #"1 g"# of water by you'd need #76# times more heat than when increasing the temperature of #"1 g"# by these two requirements and you get the total amount of heat required to increase the temperature of #"200 g"# of water by this is expressed using the following equation Cups: 1.39: Imperial Cups: 1.58: Metric Cups: 394.31: Milliliters: Important notes Important Notes. 200 g, 0.845351 c, 0.820729 c, 0.960626 c, 1.598 c, 1 c. How many teaspoons is 200 grams of cornstarch This page will convert 200 grams of cornstarch to units of volume such as teaspoons, tablespoons, cups, and milliliters. How much heat would you need to increase the temperature of #"200 g"# of water by if you need #"4.18 J"# per gram to increase its temperature by it follows that you will need #200# times more heat to get this done. Convert grams to cups (g to c) with the cooking and baking weights and measures conversion. As you know, a substance's specific heat tells you how much heat is required to increase the temperature of #"1 g"# of that sample by water's case, you know that its specific heat is equal to #4.18"J"/("g" This tells you that in order to increase the temperature of #"1 g"# of water by you need to supply #"4.18 J"# of heat. You can easily convert from grams or ounces to cups or tablespoons. Converting grams to cups: Please note that all recipes on this blog use metric measurement (Australian). ![]() ![]() ![]() Hats off to Insomniac Events for finding a way to provide an amazing experience to the festival attendees and limiting inconvenience to the public. Unlike 2014, where there were 20+ articles on the local news website about drug-related arrests and noise complaints, I wasn’t able to find a single article after the event this year. It seems like this strategy really worked. The idea was to change the orientation of the stages away from the residential neighborhoods and make them face the bay where no people live. He told me that the decision to change the layout of the festival was caused by the numerous residents’ complaints about the loud music-especially the bass-that was coming from the amphitheater. I had a chance to have a brief conversation with a fire department inspector who worked backstage making sure that all the pyro equipment was working properly and was safe to the public. Needless to say, most of the artists playing on these two stages were big enough to headline any major EDM festival, so thousands of festivalgoers gravitated to all three stages on both days of the festival. MAD HATTER’S CASTLE (Audien, Ummet Ozcan, Arty, Tommy Trash, Laidback Luke) CHESHIRE WOODS (Flux Pavilion, Brillz, Kill The Noise, Markus Schulz, Simon Patterson) Mad Hatter’s Castle and Cheshire Woods were considerably smaller stages, yet they were equipped with LED panels that created an immersive environment. This year there were only three stages: QUEEN’S DOMAIN (Tiesto, Calvin Harris, Knife Party, Carnage, DJ Snake) As usual, the main stage was the place to be to see sets by the biggest names in the electronic dance music scene, and experience the unique production that included the classic Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar, waterfalls, hundreds of LED panels, and multiple pyrotechnic units (my all-time favorite stage production feature). ![]() Locations of the stages, art installations, and amenities were different as well. The entrance was moved to a more secluded area, and it had at least three checkpoints to go through in order to be granted access onto the festival grounds-they checked tickets, ID, and subjected us to a TSA-style search. It turned out that the layout had changed significantly since the last time. ![]() ![]() Without looking at this year’s map, I was slightly confused upon the entry into the venue. Skipping the middle part of my story for a second and jumping to the conclusion, I want to say that my friends and I had a great time at the event, and I would be beating myself up real hard now if I missed the event. At the same time, there was not even a tiny chance in the world I would miss the biggest rave in the Bay Area. So, I proceeded to buy my tickets with caution, constantly monitoring news for line-up updates and my friends’ posts on Facebook and other social media outlets. Although this was my 3rd time attending Beyond Wonderland Bay Area, I set lower expectations this time around because of my personal underwhelming experience in 2014, higher ticket prices this year, and the decision by a couple of my good friends not to attend BW this year. I wanted to wait until reminiscence of the event calms down and I can tell an unbiased story about my journey down the rabbit hole a couple of weekends ago. 0 Comments This report was purposefully written one week after attending Beyond Wonderland Bay Area 2015 at Shoreline Amphitheatre on September 26 and 27. ![]() 1/4/2023 0 Comments Zbrush sculpture![]()
Posing joints can be used for interior or surface placement. The application allows artists to create symmetrical pairs of joints for their models as well as enabling the weighting of joints. Painting opacity has made simulating real world objects, like glass, simple using Mudbox. Mudbox comes with 22 different layer blend modes, allowing the artist or developer the freedom they need to create models and the blend modes are compatible with Adobe Photoshop, making it really easy to import and export layers between these two applications. Tileable stencils can be used and painted with ease. The stenciling features make it easy to modify stencils for use on various models or to use the paint brushes to create new stencils. These menus are similar to the menus used in Maya, so for artists or developers familiar with working in the Maya environment, these menus ensure a smooth transition between the various applications. Zbrush sculpture software#The software offers tablet friendly marking menus to help artists select the menu items with ease and proficiency. Support for PTex files is also included in Maya for improved workflow. It also offers UVless painting allowing artists to begin the painting process without spending time on creating UV’s before painting. Mudbox offers texture management systems that allow you to manage large texture maps. Zbrush sculpture windows#Color adjustment windows within Mudbox allow developers and artists to fine tune colors quickly within their models by adjusting the hue and saturation of the colors used. The 3D brush tools, like the grab tool, make model creation and adjust a lot easier for developers and artists. The application allows 3D painting and has a number of brushes designed for these purposes making it highly suitable for artists looking to create these effects. Zbrush sculpture full#It allows for multiple channel type painting that Photoshop users will be familiar with like opacity, bump and specularity, and you can view all of the layers in the viewport at the same time to ensure a rich, full impression of your work as it progresses. It uses Photoshop styled layers and layer stacks, so if you are used to working in this type of environment, then Mudbox may the obvious choice for you. Mudbox also uses familiar painting technology. To enable this, Mudbox uses depth shadow mapping technology to create shadow effects for your models. ![]() Mudbox accommodates the workflow pipeline to allow it to integrate seamlessly with work that needs to occur after the model is built using Mudbox. Cameras, image plains, meshes and textures can all be easily transferred between these three applications to ensure smooth workflow and to ensure projects lose as little time as possible between the various sections of development. The software is also made by the same company as Maya and 3DS Max so the compatibility between Mudbox creation and Maya or 3DS Max has been streamlined, making Mudbox a great choice if you are intending to use Max or Maya for further development. If you have used 3D modeling programs or software applications in the past, then the Mudbox interface will seem familiar in a lot of ways making it easier to use, based on your past experience of this type of software. Mudbox uses accepted standards in terms of functionality and layout. Here are the features of both Mudbox and Zbrush so you can compare the features to make the best selection for your purposes. These applications can however be quite expensive for those new to the industry so choosing the right application is essential. ![]() Now let’s get into the different Mudbox vs Zbrush features so you can decide which is best for you. It will teach you to work with advanced features included within the application like working with layers, filters and sculpture extraction. Zbrush sculpture how to#It also includes comprehensive lessons on how to paint your sculpture once the model has been built. It contains lessons on Mudbox sculpting tools including the sculpt, pinch, grab, flatten, spray and the other sculpting tools. The course will teach you the basics of the Mudbox software and it includes lessons on the Mudbox menus and how to use them. This course includes 76 lectures that will teach you how to create a model in Mudbox from start to finish. ![]() Learn 3D Digital Sculpting with Mudbox and join thousands of students learning to harness the power of Mudbox to create awesome 3D models and artwork. 3D modeling applications like Zbrush and Mudbox offer artists and developers amazingly powerful tools that enable creators to quickly and efficiently produce whole new worlds that dazzle and enthrall games and moviegoers all over the planet. 3D character modeling and the ability to create 3D models for use in games, television or film is fast becoming a very lucrative career option. ![]() 1/4/2023 0 Comments Equil note app![]()
The campaign is scheduled to close on October 8th. The Equil team also compared first and second generation of the smartpen:
1/4/2023 0 Comments Corolla crossover![]() ![]()
1/4/2023 0 Comments Codeblocks setup for windows 8![]()
(5) Try the flags/arguments -m32 and -m64 for compiling for 32- and 64-big respectively. (4) Ensure if you have 64-bit MinGW installed and path set to its bin directory (if you want to compile for 64-bit). (3) Make sure the path is set to the directory mingwbin. (2) Try it compiling by omitting using namespace std from your code.īecause Ive compiled C and C++ code many times in Code::Blocks on 32-bit Windows XP, and it did! You need to put std::function_name whenever you are using a predefined function from iostream.h, because this is you way access it in GCC, which Code::Blocks uses. Peace! Dear brother, I think you need this: ![]() Try compiling something then share the outcome If it crashes while you test this new config, you might wish you had!ĭo this (I think) either by File->Save Everything or restarting code::blocks … without another instance running. One last thing-> remember to save those settings to disk! It ends with 4.7.3) D:Mingw64libexecgccx86_64-w64-mingw324.7.3Ĭlick on the Search directories tab to the imediate left Toolchain ExecutablesĪdd the following paths:- D:Mingw64includeĭ:Mingw64x86_64-w64-mingw32includec++4.7.3ĭ:Mingw64x86_64-w64-mingw32includec++4.7.3backwardĭ:Mingw64x86_64-w64-mingw32includec++4.7.3x86_64-w64-mingw32ĭ:Mingw64libgccx86_64-w64-mingw324.7.3includeĬlick on the linker tab and add the following paths:- D:Mingw64LibĪnd finally click on the Compiler Settings tab, Click on Other options and add:-m64 Ressource compiler: x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres.exeĬlick on the Additional Paths tab and enter the following line:- (the path is correct for ver 4.7.4,the one you downloaded. Linker for static libs: x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar.exe Linker for dynamic libs: x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++.exe If everythings Ok, make sure the rest of the fields are as follows:- C compiler: x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe Otherwise, if you still need to compile amd64 apps:-Īssuming you extracted to D:Mingw64, under the Tool Chain Executables tab, set the Compilers Installation Directory to D:Mingw64bin, Then click auto-detect to check whether code::blocks likes what it finds. #Codeblocks setup for windows 8 32 bit#It packs its own 32 bit mingw and has everything preconfigured for you. #Codeblocks setup for windows 8 64 Bit#If you dont require 64 bit support, consider downloading In case you face any problem while downloading Turbo C for windows please comment below.C++ – Setting up MingW and Code::Blocks in Windows 8 64 bit Toggle screen mode(Full Screen / Window)* #Codeblocks setup for windows 8 full#The program also incorporates a few project samples and runs in full screen mode only. It bundles all the features of the old IDE it includes a compiler, a debugger, the DOS shell, breakpoints, code inspection, watches, tracing, to name the most important ones. The application sports all the features of the old IDE, eliminating all the incompatibility issues that are encountered in a normal Turbo C++ installation on modern Windows editions. ![]() Turbo C/C++ for Windows is a modified version of the Borland Turbo C++ that can be run on newer versions of Windows, such as Vista, 7, 8 and 10. The solution relies on the Dosbox and includes a couple of code adjustments to manage the successful launch and proper functioning of the program. This is one of the most reliable alternatives to manually attempting to solve Turbo C++ incompatibility issues with Windows Vista, 7 and 8. Now simply click on Start Turbo C++ to start in full screen mode, if you do not want full screen mode( window mode) then uncheck the Full Screen mode in left bottom. Now you can use Turbo C++ in full screen mode on your windows OS 7, 8 or 10 and now 11. The problem with other/ old Turbo C++ programs is on Windows Vista+ is that they do not run in full screen mode but this will work just perfect in full screen mode. Will it work in Full Screen Mode?Ībsolutely yes. #Codeblocks setup for windows 8 software#The software was made in C++ and operates as a GUI tool. ![]() The main functionality of the program is the focus around a plugin-based extension platform enabling each coder to develop the software in the way that they want to. Let me know in comments if you face any issue while installation of Turbo C++ for windows 7/8/10/11. Code::Blocks is an open-source IDE that uses C, C++, and Fortran coding languages.
![]() ![]() ![]() Thankfully, you can switch which character you're controlling at any time with a quick press of the Circle button. Hitting either the L or R triggers will perform special attacks which you can assign prior to the battle. You can move around the battlefield freely and execute normal attacks with the X button. You control one character at a time while the AI handles the remaining three. The battle system in First Departure, however, is far more action-oriented. Outside of towns, you can hit Square to start a Private Action, which sends your characters into the town so you can talk to each of them individually to learn more story details and also get little glimpses into their backgrounds. You move about a world map on your journey and traverse the expected set of towns and dungeons, progressing the plot as you go. The gameplay of First Departure is fairly traditional for an RPG. Most of First Departure sticks with the fantasy backdrop and only rarely strays into sci-fi town, which was a little disappointing but understandable. Like any RPG, I could go on, but let's just leave the story at that. The majority of the game actually takes place in the past, because the party realizes that the only way to save the people of Roak is to collect a particular genetic sample from the Roak of old. The two officers explain that the plague is actually a biological weapon that goes far beyond the medical technology of the planet, and the group soon finds themselves on board a space vessel discussing ways to save the people of Roak from this mysterious attack. To make a long story short, Ronyx and Ilia, members of a Terran Alliance reconnaissance mission, suddenly beam down to the surface and surprise the citizens of the "underdeveloped" planet Roak with advanced technology. Unfortunately, a mysterious plague sets in and begins turning people to stone, so the three friends travel to a nearby mountain in order to gather medicinal herbs. Roddick, Millie and Dorne are three Fellpool youths trying to pass the time as sentries for a small village near the woods. First Departure begins firmly grounded in the "fantasy department," besides the entirely sci-fi riddled prologue. Regardless, First Departure is still an enjoyable game that RPG fans should consider, especially if they've liked Star Ocean games in the past. ![]() Although I have a special sentimental attachment to the series, considering my profound enjoyment of Second Story, I still feel that First Departure isn't as good as it could be, especially when compared to recent RPGs on the system. #Star ocean first departure r private action guide pspA PSP remake of the first game, First Departure adds a number of new elements to the experience, including all new backgrounds and a tweaked battle system, while still preserving the story and themes of the original. stores in the form of Star Ocean: First Departure. Thanks to Square-Enix, the original Star Ocean is now on its way to U.S. ![]() 1/4/2023 0 Comments Ryzom 1016![]() ![]()
Come on, replace that old Windows OS! Financial Software This survey of open source operating systems includes superstars like Ubuntu along with solid players like Knoppix. For those looking to replace it – and yes, it’s time – with an open source operating system, this is the list for you. There’s no debate about it: Windows XP is an aging operating system. Which open source BI tool on this list will be most popular in the years ahead? Windows XP Of course in the rapidly changing business intelligence market, today’s big names could easily be surpassed over time by a little known tool – feature sets change quickly. In this aggregation of open source BI tools, you’ll certainly see some famous names: MySQL, Pentaho, along with some names that get less buzz as well. To help, we’ve compiled a list of the very best open source websites – let the downloading begin. But finding the best open source website is easier said than done. ![]() There are countless websites that offer extensive lists of open source software to download. Which app do you think is the best open source software for Win10 Top Open Source Sites Ryzom 1016 windows 10#This list gathers some familiar names with lesser known apps, all with an eye toward boosting your Windows 10 machine. But in today’s world, it’s still entirely likely you’re looking for the best open source software for your PC. Sure, you’re a Windows user – in fact you’re using an up to date Windows OS.
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